虚拟语气在托福写作中的应用
2014-06-25 11:38:30 | 编辑：无 | 有700人参与 | 来自：匿名虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）
用以表示不可能实现的愿望，想象，目的或者既不可能发生的事，或与事实相反的假设。这类句子通常由条件从句和主语从句构成。虚拟语气可分为三种：
1）与现实相反的假设
| 连词 | 条件从句 | 主句 |
If | a) 动词过去式（或were） b) 助动词过去式+动词原形 | Should Would + 动词原形 Could Might |
If Ihadenough money, Iwould/ could/ shouldtravel around the world.
If Iwereyou, Iwould/ mightgo with them aboard.
2)与未来事实相反的假设
| 连词 | 条件从句 | 主句 |
If | Should+动词原形（表示可能性极小的，做万一解释） | Should(shall) Would (will) + 动词原形 Could (can) Might (may) |
If the programshouldfail, whatshouldthe government do?
If theyshouldrefuse the negotiation, wewouldprepare for the last hit.
注意：当条件从句should+动词原形，主句可用陈述句或祈使句
If itshouldrain tomorrow, weshall/ willnot leave.
| 连词 | 条件从句 | 主句 |
If | ① 动词过去式 ② Were to +动词原形（表示 未来绝不可能） | Should Would + 动词原形 Could Might |
If itwere torain, wewouldcall off the match.
If youwentthere next time, youwould seewhat we experience.
(3) 与过去事实相反的假设
| 连词 | 条件从句 | 主句 |
If | Had+过去分词 | Should Would have + 过去分词 Could Might |
If Ihad studyharder at school and home, Icould/ might havepassed this exam.
If theyhad hadmuch money, theycould have boughtthe sailboat.
4) 虚拟语气句子中时态的混合使用：有时主句表示与现在事实相反，条件从句表示与过去事实相反。
If they had started a few days earlier, they could finish before the deadline.
5) if 的省略：虚拟语气中的IF可以省略，但主语和助动词或be动词必须易位
WereMary here now, she would explain the situation for you.
Shouldit happen, what would you do?
Had he recognizedme, he would have come over.
(6) 虚拟语气在从句中的应用.
① 在表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, recommend, require, insist坚持要, desire, urge等动词的宾语从句以及would rather /sooner后要用“ (should) +动词原形”来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等; 但是要注意的是当suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Those clouds suggests that it is going to rain 或 The boy insisted that he did tell the truth to the police.
注意： 同样的在It is+上述动词的过去分词其后所跟的主语从句中也使用（should）+ 动词原形，如It is suggested that employees of this company wear uniforms on weekdays.
当然在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词的形式中，其后的表语从句中，例如 The teacher’s suggestion was that class be re-scheduled.
这类名词suggestion, proposal, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , obligatory, necessity义不容辞的, 必须的 等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.
②) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形”
这些形容词有: important, necessary, essential, imperative, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, astonishing, surprising, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided, moved等可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等.